Literature. Part forty four.

                                      Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson.

This book was written in XIX century. There were very different characters in it. Jim Hawkins was the main character. Long John Silver, Dr. David Livesey, Captain Alexander Smollet were main characters, too.

Friends had voyage in the sea. On the way they met pirates. Other adventures happened with them on the island.

At the end characters returned home with treasures. They used them.

Famous adventure novel was translated to many languages. There are many movies and cartoons created about this story. Artists draw pictures of it.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/de/image-illustration/captain-smollett-cartoon-character-treasure-island-223806448

Age of Discovery.

Age of Discovery, also known as Age of Exploration began from XV to XVII centuries. On this period people did a lot of discoveries in other continents.

Christopher Columbusreached the New World in 1492. It was a very important for history. Many years later people found new land in the world. People wanted to find goods for themselves.

Every country of the New World has its own history.

Italian explorer Marco Polo visited China in XIII century. He saw another civilization in the world. He found new things in this country. So, new foods and things from China appeared in  Europe, such as: ice cream, crane, noodle, and etc.

Maps have changed after discoveries of new countries. Ships were needed and important for marine voyages.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-photo/compass-on-old-map-614997068?src=jE0v_-HqyHmz9uhnM1mNBg-1-4



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-photo/vintage-binoculars-travel-concept-302381930?src=jE0v_-HqyHmz9uhnM1mNBg-3-26



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-photo/lisbon-portugal-june-2017-detail-portuguese-669326260

Great people: Charles Darwin.

Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shropshire, England. He was the fifth of six children of Robert and Susannah Darwin.

Charles's mother died when he was eight years old. Since early childhood Darwin was interested in history and science.

Also, he studied at University of Edinburg. Charles Darwin studied medicine in this place.

From December 27, 1831, to October 2, 1836, the scientist took a second voyage of HMS Beagle. Darwin saw a lot of things in the world.

Charles Darwin created theory of evolution in nature. He wrote a book called On the Origin of Species.

The scientist was married to Emma Wedgwood. They had ten children.

Darwin died on April 19, 1882, in Kent, England.

Christopher Columbus.

(This is essay by my brother).

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer famous for discovering America. He was born on October 30, 1450 in Genoa, Republic of Genoa (now part if Italy).

He wanted to sail for India, but not in the direct route. Columbus believed that Earth was round and wanted to get to India from the other side. Portuguese government declined Columbus' request to fund this expedition, but the nation of Crown of Castile granted it.

So, on August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus departed to India with three ships: Santa Maria, Pinta, and Nina. On October 12, 1492, Columbus landed on what he at first thought was India, that's why the natives are called Indians. But later Columbus realised that he discovered the New World. He returned to Spain on March 15, 1493, and the word about discovery of the New World spread rapidly.

Christopher Columbus went on three more voyages to America, where he found new cities, new people, new goals. But, on his last expedition, his ship wrecked near Jamaica. He was stranded for a year until the rescue and retarned to Spain seriously ill on November 7, 1504. He died from his illness on May 20, 1506, at the age of 54.

Source of image:

http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-110860961/stock-vector-christopher-columbus.html?src=tUIBYA3VFszvVZ3w3bfHmg-1-3

The Lost World by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

(This is essay  by my brother).

Edward Malone, a reporter for Daily Gazette, wanted to impress a woman named Gladys Hugerton by doing something extraordinary. He came to his editor McAedle to ask for some "special" assignment. McArdle tasked Malone with interviewing professor George Challenger, who was famous for hating journalists and being close to a "mad scientist". That interview ended in a fight after which, however, Challenger told his story. He said that he visited a place in South America no one has been in, and that he saw dinosaurs there. That's why no one believed him and he had such a bad reputation. Challenger also planned another expedition there to show that he told the truth. On this expedition, he took: a skeptical professor Summerlee; Lord John Roxton, a famous adventure; and Malone.

During this expedition, these men, while, not believing at first, started being more open-minded after a pterodactyl stole their lunch. Later on, they saw many more dinosaurs, as well as strange and aggressive ape-men. In order to defeat them, the expedition joined forces with the native tribe they met there calling themselves "the Accala". With the help of the Accala, the expedition managed to be victorious.

And so, after a long expedition, the men returned home. And still nobody believed, although they had to take their words back when the expedition showed the peope a live pterodactyl.

Malone, now famous, returned to Gladys, only to find out that she married another man. Now nothing kept him home, so Malone joined Lord Roxton's next voyage to "the Lost World".

Source of image:

http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/stack-of-books-gm507311349-45247510?st=4f0e152