Great people: Rudyard Kipling

Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born on December 30, 1865, Bombay Presidency, India. He was a writer.

The Jungle Book (1894) was one of Kipling's works.

Also, he had Nobel Prize in Literature (1907).

Rudyard Kipling was married and had children.

He died on January 18, 1936, in London, England.

Great people: Marco Polo.

Marco Polo was known as an Italian explorer, writer, and merchant. He was born on September 25, 1254, in Venice. His parents were Niccolo Polo and Nicole Anna Defusesh.

Marco Polo's travels were important for medieval Europe and people. He and his relatives visited many differents parts of Asia.

Their travels lasted several years. Marco Polo noticed differences between European and Asian countries. He visited other Empires and brought some things and food back.

Polo's travel showed cultures of: India, China, Japan, and etc. In Middle Ages people of the West didn't know about them.

When Marco Polo returned to Europe he wrote a book named Book of the Travels of Marco Polo (1300). Christopher Columbus was inspired by this book.

Marco Polo had a wife: Donata Badoer. They had three daughters: Fantina, Bellela, and Moretta.

Polo died on January 8, 1324, in Venice.

Great people: Mahatma Gandhi.

Mahandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in India. His parents were Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi and Putlibai.

Future politician married Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia. Afterwards, he wanted to fight for Independence of his Motherland, India.

Mahatma Gandhi lived in South African for twenty one years. He fought against injustice in this country.

Also, Gandhi saw First World War and Second World War. In 1942 he was arrested. Two years later his wife Kasturbai died.

On Junuary 30, 1948, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated, in New Delhi, India.

Ancient India.

India had an old history and culture. Warm climate allowed development for early civilization. Many important things were invented in Ancient India: numbers, chess, buttons, ruler, some medicine, shampoo.

Also, country had periods such as: Indus Valley civilization appeared (c. 2800 B. C.), Indus Valley civilization vanished (c. 1700 B. C.), Tribes entered into India from central Asia (c. 1500 B. C.), iron and alphabetic writing appeared in northern India (c. 800 B. C.), Buddhism and Jainism are founded (c. 500 B. C.), Alexander, the Great conquered the Indus Valley (327 B. C.), Bindusara, extended the Mauryan conquered into the central India (290 B. C.), Asoke became the Mauryan emperor (269 B. C.), a mission by Mahinda, introduced Baddhism to the island of Sri Lanka (251 B. C.).

Science was popular in Ancient India. Mathematics and astronomy were known in the country. Philosophy still studied by modern people.

Pictures and sculptures of Gods were famous in ancient civilization.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-vector/king-on-elephant-ride-indian-art-192730361?src=33Th_mhxYes3Upb4kAIdmQ-1-46



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-photo/temples-khajuraho-india-76701571?src=33Th_mhxYes3Upb4kAIdmQ-2-7



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-photo/statues-hindu-deities-ancient-kapaleeshwarar-temple-145683224?src=33Th_mhxYes3Upb4kAIdmQ-3-22

Christopher Columbus.

(This is essay by my brother).

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer famous for discovering America. He was born on October 30, 1450 in Genoa, Republic of Genoa (now part if Italy).

He wanted to sail for India, but not in the direct route. Columbus believed that Earth was round and wanted to get to India from the other side. Portuguese government declined Columbus' request to fund this expedition, but the nation of Crown of Castile granted it.

So, on August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus departed to India with three ships: Santa Maria, Pinta, and Nina. On October 12, 1492, Columbus landed on what he at first thought was India, that's why the natives are called Indians. But later Columbus realised that he discovered the New World. He returned to Spain on March 15, 1493, and the word about discovery of the New World spread rapidly.

Christopher Columbus went on three more voyages to America, where he found new cities, new people, new goals. But, on his last expedition, his ship wrecked near Jamaica. He was stranded for a year until the rescue and retarned to Spain seriously ill on November 7, 1504. He died from his illness on May 20, 1506, at the age of 54.

Source of image:

http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-110860961/stock-vector-christopher-columbus.html?src=tUIBYA3VFszvVZ3w3bfHmg-1-3

Great People: Mother Teresa.

Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910, in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia (then Kosovo Vilayet in the Ottoman Empire). Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was the youngest child in the family of Nikolle and Dranafile Bojaxhiu. Her parents were Catholics. 

Nikolle Bojaxhiu died in 1919 when Agnes was eight years old. Mother and children were left alone. 

When girl was twelve years old she decided to go to India as nun and care about poor people in that country.

In 1928, Agnes Gronxha Bojaxhiu went to Ireland and joined the Sisters of Loreto. Three years later she took name Teresa and went to Calcutta. Nun taught geography in that place. On September 10, 1946, she began to help poor people in India! Two years later her community began to build hospitals and schools for ill and poor people.

So during many years Mother Teresa cared about the poor. She won Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. This nun met many famous people in her life.

She died on September 5, 1997, in Calcutta, India.