Tales from childhood: Our city.

Hello, dear readers! I'm a simple inhabitant of the city. I'm a local old man. I have lived here for a long time, so I know some secrets.

"This woman is very beautiful!" someone said.

Lady in red is a famous actress. She played in many different movies. Also, newspapers and magazines write about this woman.

I remembered how lady in red visited places in our city. I saw her during late evening in a restaurant.

"What does she do at work?" Sophie asked her grandmother.

"She is a muse for artists." granny answered.

I know that she recently became seriously ill. Now the woman in red often goes to doctors.

Metaphor.

Metaphor (μεταφορά) is a figure of speech. It means "transference" from ancient Greek language. Phrases sound with other words. The meaning doesn't change, only the words change.

Metaphors usually sound like comparisons to something. It adds interest to the speech.

Artists and writers commonly use metaphors in their work. Also, there are metaphorical situations in movies and cartoons.

Sometimes people use this figure of speech in conversation.

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Great people: Salvador Dalí.

 Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marquess of Dalí of Púbol was born on May 11, 1904, in Spain. His parents were Salvador Dalí i Cusí and Felipa Domenech Ferrés. 

Dalí was known as a Spanish artist. He painted in the style surrealism. He had education in Madrid. Salvador Dalí's famous works: The Persistence of Memory (1931), Galatea of the Spheres (1952), Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening (1944), Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) (1936).

He visited different places. Also, Dalí has worked on some on some movies. He was a sculptor and writer, too. Salvador Dalí had two awards.

Dalí had a wife.

He died on January 23, 1989, in Spain.

Tales from childhood: Funny jokes.

 Sophie became a teenager. She did many different serious things. Sophie cooked dinners with her grandmother and watered flowers. When she was little she only played.

Also, several years ago little Sophie liked watch movies with stupid moments. She was sure that these jokes are funny and cool. Now if Sophie watched it she understood that these moments were very stupid. Mom and granny said that, too.

Sophie was interested in some TV shows. She watched some of them with her mother. On other programs, grandmother said that they shouldn't watch it. Mom agreed with her.

Little Sophie couldn't understand why the family said that it wasn't necessary to watch.

"Sometimes adults say that we shouldn't watch certain movies," Sophie said to Natalie.

"What if these movies and TV shows are really not so interesting? I somehow looked at one stupid movie myself and was disappointed." Natalie said.

Sophie considered the words of her friend. Maybe some programs are really not watching?

Literature. Part seventy five.

                                      The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas.

This historical novel was written in XIX century, by Alexandre Dumas père. 

A man named d'Artagnan went to Paris to become a musketeer. Also, he had friends named Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. They were the musketeers.

During the book characters had many different adventures. The novel mentions both real historical characters and fictional characters.

They had travels in other places. D'Artagnan and the three musketeers met with different people. They met both common and royal people.

Duels, love, and adventures are described in the book. 

This novel was translated to many languages. There are different movies and cartoons about this story. Artists created illustrations for this book.

Literature. Part seventy four.

                                                "The Emperor's New Clothes" by Hans Christian Andersen.

Once upon a time there was an emperor. He liked his clothes. An emperor wore them for holidays, theatres, and walks.

One day two liars visited emperor. They wanted to create new clothes for him. The tailors said that they make invisible clothing for the emperor.

Although the emperor and his courtiers noticed that there was no cloth, they didn't say anything.

When the emperor came out in new clothes to the people, they looked at him.

Suddenly little boy said that the emperor is naked!

The emperor went on, and the people began to whisper.

This fairy tale was translated to many languages. there are different movies and cartoons about this story.

Source of image:

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Great people: Ernest Hemingway.

 Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American writer. He was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois. His parents were Clarence and Grace Hemingway. Ernest had several siblings.

He took part in wars. Ernest Hemingway visited different countries.

Hemingway's famous books: The Sun Also Rises (1926), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), The Old Man and the Sea (1952).

Ernest Hemingway had a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1953) and Nobel Prize in Literature (1954).

There are many movies and cartoons about his novels.

Hemingway had wives and children.

He died on July 2, 1961, in Ketchum, Idaho.

Literature. Part seventy one.

                                "The Shepherdess and the Chimney Sweep" by Hans Christian Andersen.

Once upon a time there were two porcelain figures. They were a shepherdess and a chimney sweep. These figures were in love.

But shepherdess' grandfather wanted to marry her to another. So, the couple run away.

They visited a toy theatre in a house. Also, the shepherdess and the chimney sweep climbed through a stove pipe on the roof. It was hard for them. The couple saw the night sky.

Later the chimney sweep and the shepherdess returned to the house. 

Shepherdess' grandfather has fallen because he wanted to run for them. He was repaired.

At the end the couple was saved.

This fairy tale was translated to different languages. There are many illustrations, movies, and cartoons about this story.

Source of image:

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Great people: Alexandre Dumas (father).

 Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie or Alexandre Dumas père was a French writer. He was born on July 24, 1802, in France.

Alexandre Dumas père wrote historical fiction books. His famous novels were published in different years. The Three Musketeers (1844), The Count of Monte Cristo (1844), Twenty Years After (1845), The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later (1847-1850) became popular.

These works were translated to many languages. Also, there are different movies based on these novels.

Alexandre Dumas had a son named Alexandre Dumas (Alexandre Dumas fils), too.

Alexandre Dumas père died on December 5, 1870, in France.

Literature. Part sixty nine.

                                           The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway.

Santiago is an old man. He is a fisherman. Santiago tried to catch fish every day. This went on for eighty four days. He couldn't catch fish in the sea.

Many people thought that Santiago was an unlucky fisherman, expect for a young boy named Manolin, who helped him. Santiago and Manolin became friends.

The fisherman meets with various difficulties and problems. Manolin always supported Santiago. The old man solved his own problems.

On the eighty-fifth day, Santiago caught a large marlin fish. But the sharks ate this fish.

Little Manolin worried for Santiago.

At the end, they were going to fish together.

This novel was translated to many languages. The book had different awards. There are movies and cartoons about this story.

Literature. Part sixty seven.

                                                      Ronia, the Robber's Daughter by Astrid Lindgren.

Ronia was the only daughter in her family. Her parents were Matt and Lovis. They were living in the castle. Their house was situated in the forest among trees. 

One day Ronia met Birk Borkason. This boy was the son of another robber. Their families became enemies. But Ronia and Birk were friends and helped each other. They had difficulties and disagreements with their parents.

At the end families made up. Ronia and Birk Borkason decided that they’ll choose their own paths in life.

This book was translated to many languages. There are different movies and cartoons about this story.

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Literature. Part sixty six.

                                       "The Fisherman and His Wife" by the Brothers Grimm.

There was one upon a time a fisherman and his wife. They were living in a dirty house.

One day the fisherman found a fairy fish. It was an enchanted prince. He let this fish go.

But his wife became angry. She wanted to have a comfortable cottage. 

So, her husband visited the fairy fish again. The fisherman saw his wife in a new house.

Later she wanted to have a castle. The fisherman went to the sea and asked  the enchanted prince about a castle.

The fairy fish fulfilled this wish. Because he saw his wife in a beautiful castle.

Next day the fisherman's wife decided to become a king. She said it.

Her husband said it to a prince. So, she became a king.

One day the king saw a pope. She wanted to become a pope.

The fisherman asked the fairy fish. Husband saw his wife as a pope.

But this role was boring for the stupid woman. So, she wanted to become a lord.

The fisherman went to the seaside and saw dark clouds and worried sea. The prince sent him home.

The fisherman saw his wife in a dirty house.

This fairy tale was translated to different languages. There are many movies and cartoons about this story.

Public relations.

 Public relations or PR is a relationship with many people and things. Media and special organizations create advertising for something or somebody.

Television, newspapers, magazines, books, movies, and radio are main sources for PR. Different brands and marketing communications are important for it. Some people make a business with public relations.

A new book or movie can help make a writer and actors/actresses popular. Good and frequent ads can impress someone and/or different people at the same time.

Many celebrities became famous for their talent and PR. Great events and relationship with the necessary people can help, too. Public relations give a lot or little glory.

A person can speak to an audience. Appear on television, write books and articles, and give interviews. Other people can listen to such a person.

PR sometimes says one thing, but mean something different. Sociology is influenced by it. Also, public opinion is needed for a PR company.

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Literature. Part sixty five.

                               Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy's Progress by Charles Dickens.

This novel was written and published in the XIX century.

The main character is the boy named Oliver Twist. He is an orphan. Oliver lived in poverty. Also, he had problems with other children.

Later Oliver Twist ran into the street. He left orphanage. In London Oliver met criminals. They wanted to teach him about crimes.

But Oliver Twist found friends and salvation. Good and evil people were in his way. Twist handled all the difficulties.

The story tells about children and their problems in that period. Hard life and attitude of society described in this famous novel.

Artists created many illustrations to this book. The novel was translated to different languages.

There are movies and cartoons about this story.

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https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-photo/united-kingdom-circa-1970-vintage-british-213901681

Trojan War.

Trojan War (Τρωικός Πόλεμος) was a war in Greek mythology. Different gods and goddess were characters in this legend. Many writers were inspired by this myth in Ancient Greece.

It all started since quarrel between three goddesses Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera. Golden apple, also known as apple of discord was the cause of this conflict.

Trojan War started after Paris abducted Helen of Troy from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta.

From 1260 B. C. to 1180 B. C. was this famous war. Achilles, son of Peleus, killed Hector. There was the Judgement of Paris. Many events of Trojan War were written in the Iliad, ancient Greek epic poem.

At the end of the conflict warriors created Trojan Horse. Odysseus had this idea. They wanted to enter to the Troy and win the war. It was a wooden horse. Also, this phrase became a metaphor and popular in culture.

There are many literary works, paintings, and statues. Students study Trojan War during history lessons. Producers make movies about this event.

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Literature. Part sixty three.

                                       The Railway Children by Edith Nesbit.

This children's book was published in 1906.

The main characters of this novel are: father, mother, and three children. Father went to prison but it's wrong. He is a good man.

Roberta, Peter, and Phyllis are children. They are all different. Each of them has their own role.

Mother is a writer for children and a poet. She loves her family. Mom helps in hard situations.

Characters meet and find new friends during the novel.

The book has a happy ending. Father was acquitted and released from prison.

There are many different movies and theatrical performances about this story.

Great people: Cleopatra.

Cleopatra VII Philopator (Κλεοπᾰ́τρᾱ Φιλοπάτωρ) was born in 69 B. C., in Alexandria. Her father was Ptolemy XII Auletes and her mother was Cleopatra VI Tryphaena.

Cleapatra was known as a queen of Ptolemaic kingdom, Ancient Egypt. She had relationships with other famous ancient rulers.

Queen Cleopatra had several children. During her reign there were battles and conflicts.

Cleopatra died in 30 B. C., in Alexandria, Egypt.

There are many paintings and sculptures about Cleopatra. Writers used Cleopatra's character in literary works. Her style became popular in movies.

Literature. Part fifty nine.

                                               Cabbages and Kings by O. Henry.

This novel was written in 1904. The story's genre is satire. Cabbages and Kings has eighteen chapters. They are like short stories.

Events happened in a fictional country named the Republic of Anchuria. Author described many situations in this place.

Chapters of the novel:

I. "Fox-in-the-Morning"
II. The Lotus and the Bottle
III. Smith
IV. Caught
V. Cupid's Exile Number Two
VI. The Phonograph and the Graft
VII. Money Maze
VIII. The Admiral
IX. The Flag Paramount
X. The Shamrock and the Palm
XI. The Remnants of the Code
XII. Shoes
XIII. Ships
XIV. Masters of Arts
XV. Dicky
XVI. Rouge et Noir
XVII. Two Recalls
XVIII. The Vitagraphoscope

There are different adaptations of this novel, such as: movies and theatrical plays. This book was translated to other languages.

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Anatomy.

Anatomy anatomē  (ἀνατομή) is a science about organisms. Ana aná (ἀνά) means "up" and témnō (τέμνω) "I cut" in a Greek language. There are different types of this science: anatomy of plants, anatomy of animals, anatomy of human. Also, anatomy is a part of biology.

This science studies about body functions, organs, and tissues. Anatomy has a long and interesting history. Scientists during many years study organisms. Leonardo da Vinci created a drawing named the Vitruvian Man.

Skeleton, muscles, bones, and vessels of the body are study by this science. School students learn anatomy with science. In the classroom may stand human skeleton or atlas with scientific words.

Anatomy is an important science. There are many interesting books, movies, and cartoons. It can be for children or students.

This difficult but need science is necessary for medicine.

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Literature. Part fifty eight.

                                                    Karlsson on the Roof by Astrid Lindgren.

Karlsson is the main character of these books: Karlsson on the Roof, Karlsson Flies Again, Karlsson on the Roof is Sneaking Around Again by Astrid Lindgren.

He is very short and lives in his small house on the roof. Also, Karlsson has a propeller on his back. He can fly on it. Karlsson is a selfish person. He had one friend named Svante (Midge).

Many people don't believe in Karlsson. Midge's family doesn't know about a "person with propeller", too. Svante has a father and a mother, as well as an older brother and a sister. Later they noticed Karlsson.

Freken Bok is a nanny in the family. She had a lot of negative emotions after meeting with Karlsson.

Midge and his friend had a lot of adventures in these books. This story was translated to different languages. There are many illustrations, cartoons, and movies about this character.