Golden Age.

The Golden Age (χρυσή εποχή ) (chrysí epokhí) means the best time of humanity. Perhaps it was so in the past or it will be so in the future.

These words come from Ancient Greece. In Greek mythology there are five ages of humanity (χρύσεον γένος) (chrýseon génos): Gold, Silver, Bronze, Heroic, and Iron.

Also, other myths and legends have their own Golden Age.

Writers wrote books about it, and artists drew images.

Sometimes the Golden Age is called the dawn of civilization.

This is actually a utopia.

Parable.

Parable (παραβολή) (parabolē) is a short, instructive story. The characters are in different situations. Also, at the end of the parable, a lesson is taught.

There are metaphors and allegories in such stories. After reading the parable, you want to think deeply.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/word-parable-written-vintage-wooden-letterpress-2338482133

Gordian Knot.

Gordian Knot (Γόρδιος δεσμός) (Nodus Gordianus) was a very difficult knot in Greek myths and legends.

Phrygia (Φρυγία) (Phrygía) was a kingdom without king. Simple man named Gordias (Γορδιάς, Γόρδιος) (Gordias, Gordius) became a king of Phrygia. He called the capital after himself: Gordion (Γόρδιον) (Górdion, Gordium). Also, Gordias created the knot.

Alexander the Great cut the Gordian knot.

There is a metaphor that means solve difficult problem about the Gordian Knot.

Trojan Horse.

The Trojan Horse (Δούρειος Ίππος) was created during the Trojan War. It was a wooden horse used by warriors.

Odysseus (Ὀδυσσεύς) invented the Trojan Horse, Epeus (Ἐπειός) built it.

Laocoön (Λᾱοκόων) threw a spear at a wooden horse and was killed by sea serpents.

There were people sitting inside the Trojan Horse. Then they came out of it and took possession of Troy.

Also, the "Trojan Horse" is a metaphor. This means when someone is lured in an insidious way under the guise of a gift.

Metaphor.

Metaphor (μεταφορά) is a figure of speech. It means "transference" from ancient Greek language. Phrases sound with other words. The meaning doesn't change, only the words change.

Metaphors usually sound like comparisons to something. It adds interest to the speech.

Artists and writers commonly use metaphors in their work. Also, there are metaphorical situations in movies and cartoons.

Sometimes people use this figure of speech in conversation.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/concept-hidden-potential-paper-figure-cat-1197091564

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/rear-view-man-front-many-different-1294887061

Source of image:

https://www.istockphoto.com/es/foto/ramo-de-cinco-flores-de-diente-de-le%C3%B3n-en-flor-de-colores-coloridos-inusuales-gm1223668190-359530501?phrase=metaphor

Allegory.

Allegory (ἀλληγορία) (allegoria) is a type of artistic literary form. This word means "veiled language, figurative" from Greek language.

It shows a specific situation in a figurative sense. An allegory is like a metaphor.

This genre is popular in various art forms, such as: poetry, prose, painting, and etc.

Allegory was at different times and in different countries.

Many authors use this artistic genre for their works.

Source of image:

https://www.istockphoto.com/es/vector/camino-a-la-ejecuci%C3%B3n-escena-de-reynard-el-zorro-publicado-1898-gm1331132364-414356426

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/plato-philosophy-allegory-cave-1799515657

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/birth-venus-by-alexandre-cabanel-1875-751012081

Short story.

Short story is one part of literature. It fits into several pages. The story is usually written in prose. Writers write short stories about anything: people, animals, real situations, fantasies.

There are different short stories, which became classics. For example, "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry. Some are simple short stories from magazines, which are written by students.

History of the short story as well as all literature began in ancient times. Some of them are still studied by scientists.

In this genre, humor, irony, metaphors can be used. Also the short story can be told in the first or third person.

Today, this type of literature is written on computers. Students in schools can write essays on short stories. Spoken retelling is possible, too.

P.S. This is one of the few type of literature. Soon will be next. Having similar and different features.

Source of image:

http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/short-story-in-wood-type-gm515807051-48029394?st=52fdd75

Source of image:

http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/typewriter-gm92023278-2195546