Aeneas.

Aeneas (Αἰνείας) (Aineíās) was a hero in Greek myths and legends. His parents were Anchises (Ἀγχίσης) (Ankhísēs) and Aphrodite (Ἀφροδίτη) (Aphrodítē).

Aeneas was an ancestor of Romulus and Remus.

He helped the Trojans during the war.

Aeneas was saved from Achilles (Ἀχιλλεύς) (Achilleús).

Creusa (Κρέουσα) (Kreousa) was his wife. They had an offspring Ascanius (Ἀσκάνιος).

Aethiopia.

Aethiopia (Αἰθιοπία) (Αἰθίοψ) (Aithiopía) means ‘I burn’ (αἴθω) (aíthō) and ‘face’ (ὤψ) (ṓps). This country situated on the shore of the ocean.

According to myths and legends, allies of the Trojans (in the Trojan War) lived there (Αἰθίοπας).

Perseus visited this place when he fought with Medusa Gorgon and saved Andromeda.

Cepheus (Κηφεύς) (Kepheús) and Cassiopeia (Κασσιόπεια) (Kassiópeia) were King and Queen of Aethiopia. Also, they were Andromeda’s parents.

Trojan Horse.

The Trojan Horse (Δούρειος Ίππος) was created during the Trojan War. It was a wooden horse used by warriors.

Odysseus (Ὀδυσσεύς) invented the Trojan Horse, Epeus (Ἐπειός) built it.

Laocoön (Λᾱοκόων) threw a spear at a wooden horse and was killed by sea serpents.

There were people sitting inside the Trojan Horse. Then they came out of it and took possession of Troy.

Also, the "Trojan Horse" is a metaphor. This means when someone is lured in an insidious way under the guise of a gift.

Iliad.

The Iliad (Ἰλιάς ) (Iliás) is an epic poem written by Homer. This literary work describes many different events from Greek myths and legends. Also, there are gods, goddesses, and characters.

The Trojan War is described in the Iliad. Helen of Troy, Paris, Peleus, Eris, Aphrodite, Hera, Athena, Achilles, and many other gods, goddesses are characters of the Iliad.

This poem is important for history and mythology.

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Odysseus.

Odysseus (Ὀδυσσεύς) (Ulysses) was a king of Ithaca in Greek mythology. His father was Laёrtes (Λαέρτης) and his mother was Anticlea (Ἀντίκλεια).

Odysseus participated in the Trojan War. He was one of the many participants in this event.

Palamedes (Παλαμήδης) was an enemy of Odysseus.

Also, Odysseus met with different characters.

Penelope (Πηνελόπεια) was his wife. They had several children.

There are many stories about Odysseus.

There is an epic poem named the Odyssey by Homer.

Priam.

Priam (Πρίαμος) was known as the last king of Troy (Τροία). He ruled during the Trojan War. Priam's father was Laomedon (Λᾱομέδων).

He met with other gods and goddesses, such as: Paris, Achilles (Ἀχιλλεύς), Menelaus (Μενέλαος), Hecuba, Helen of Troy, and etc.

Priam was married to Hecuba. He had several children: Cassandra, Hector, Paris, and etc.

There are myths and legends about this character.

Hector.

Hector (Ἕκτωρ) was a Trojan prince and warrior for Troy during the Trojan War. His parents were king of Troy Priam (Πρίαμος) and his wife queen Hecuba (Ἑκάβη). Hector had several siblings: Cassandra, Paris, Helenus, Creusa, Polyxena, Troilus, and etc.

He killed Protesilaus (Πρωτεσίλᾱος) in a fight. Also, the hero had a duel with Ajax (Αἴας). After the fight Ajax killed himself. 

Hector had a wife named Andromache (Ἀνδρομάχη). They had a son Astyanax (Ἀστυάναξ).

He met with other gods and goddesses.

Achilles killed Hector during the war.

Agamemnon.

 Agamemnon (Ἀγαμέμνων) was a king of Mycenae, in Greek legends. His father was King Atreus, his mother was Queen Aerope. Also, Agamemnon had a brother named Menelaus.

He participated in the Trojan War. Defeating Troy, Agamemnon returned to Mycenae. 

King of Mycenae married Clytemnestra. His brother Menelaus had a wife, beautiful Helen. She was kidnapped by Paris before the Trojan War.

Agamemnon had relations with other gods and goddesses. He had several children.

Agamemnon was killed by his wife Clytemnestra. Also, she killed Cassandra.

There are many different paintings and statues about this hero.

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Menelaus.

 Menelaus (Μενέλαος) was known as king of Mycena and husband of beautiful Helen. His parents were Atreus (Ἀτρεύς) and Aerope (Ἀερόπη). Menelaus had an elder brother named Agamemnon. He was a king of Mycenae, too.

His wife Helen of Troy was kidnapped by Theseus and Pirithous, when she was a child.

Menelaus was an important character in the Trojan War.

He and his spouse Helen of Sparta had a daughter Hermione.

Great people: Homer.

 Homer (Ὅμηρος) was an author in ancient Greece. He was born in VIII century B. C. in Ionia.

Homer wrote about the Trojan War. He was the author of the Odyssey and the Iliad. Homer influenced ancient Greek literature and culture. He wrote about the warrior Achilles and the King Agamemnon.

Also, Homer was interested in philosophy.

His poems were translated many different languages.

Homer died in VIII century B. C. in Ionia.

Judgement of Paris.

 Paris (Πάρις) or Alexander (Ἀλέξανδρος) was the son of Priam (Πρίαμος,) and Hecuba (Ἑκάβη). His parents were King and Queen of Troy.

During the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Eris, the goddess of discord, threw the golden apple, also known as an apple of discord.

Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena had a dispute. The apple had an inscription "To the most beautiful." Each of them wanted to have this title.

The goddesses went to Zeus. He gave the golden apple to Hermes. They went to Paris.

Aphrodite, Athena, and Hera made different promises to Paris. Athena promised him victories in wars, glory, and wisdom. Hera promised to make Paris king of Europe and Asia. Aphrodite promised him love of the beautiful Helen. So, Paris gave an apple of discord to Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty.

Helen of Troy was later kidnapped. So, the Trojan War started.

There are many different paintings and statues about this myth.

Argonauts.

 The Argonauts (Ἀργοναῦται,) were heroes in Greek legends. Some of them were children of Titans (Τιτᾶνες). They went with Jason for the Golden Fleece. The Argonauts and Jason found it. This happened before the Trojan War.

Athena helped them build their ship 'Argo'. Later Jason and the Argonauts sailed to search for the Golden Fleece. Among them were: Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς,), Orpheus, Peleus, Telamon, and etc.

They met different gods and goddesses, such as: Ares (Ἄρης), Hera, and Medea (Μήδεια,). Jason married Medea.

The Argonauts had many different adventures.

In ancient Greece writers wrote myths and legends about them. There are paintings and statues of these heroes.

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Helen of Troy.

 Helen of Troy (Ἑλένη) or Helen of Sparta and beautiful Helen. She was the most beautiful woman in the world. Her parents were Zeus (Ζεύς) and Leda (Λήδα). 

When beautiful Helen was a child, she was kidnapped by Theseus (Θησεύς) and Pirithous (Πειρίθοος). Helen of Sparta was in the temple of Artemis during that time. But they took Helen of Troy to Athens.

She lived in Sparta. Her husband was Menelaus (Μενέλαος,). They had a daughter Hermione (Ἑρμιόνη).

Hera (Ἥρα), Athena (Ἀθῆναι), and Aphrodite (Ἀφροδίτη,) had a dispute. Helen of Sparta was abducted by Paris. The apple of discord was the reason for this. 

During Judgment of Paris gave this golden apple of discord to Aphrodite. She promised to reward Paris with the woman he loves. He abducted beautiful Helen. 

Later the Trojan War started.

There are many paintings and statues about Helen of Troy.

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Apple of Discord.

 Apple of Discord is also known as Golden Apple of Discord (μῆλον τῆς Ἔριδος). It created a dispute between three goddesses.

Eris wasn't invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. She became angry.

So, she decided to give them the Apple of Discord. Eris wanted to make the goddesses quarrel. 

Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera saw the Golden Apple of Discord. It was written "to the most beautiful" (τῇ καλλίστῃ). The goddesses began to argue about it.

Paris judged Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera. He gave the Apple of Discord. She helped him steal Helen of Troy. Later the Trojan War started.

This legend became famous in Ancient Greece. Also, the phrase "apple of discord" means that small quarrels can turn into big conflicts.

Thetis.

Thetis (Θέτις) was a nymph and a goddess in Greek mythology. Her parents were Nereus and Doris. Or maybe she was a daughter of centaur Chiorn.

She was known as the wife of Peleus and mother of Achilles. Peleus and Thetis had a great wedding. Later the Trojan War started.

Thetis wanted to protect her son. She dipped Achilles in river Styx. But Thetis forgot about his heel. She held his heel.

Also, Thetis had relationships with other gods and goddesses. Themis, Dionysus, Hera, centaur Chiron, and Zeus. Some of them predicted early death of Achilles.

During the Trojan War Achilles was killed by Paris. 

This legend became popular in mythology.

There are many paintings and statues about this goddess.

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Eris.

Eris (Ἔριδα) was a goddess of discord and strife in Ancient Greece. Her parents were Zeus and Nyx or Erebus and Hera. Also, she had many siblings among other gods and goddesses. Aphrodite, Hermes, Ares, Athena, Heracles, and ect. were all her relatives.

Eris had her own symbol. She was known for her Golden Apple of Discord. Eris gave her symbol during Peleus and Thetis wedding. So, Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera became angry. After this event the Trojan War started.

Eris had several children.

There are many paintings and statues of this goddess.

Trojan War.

Trojan War (Τρωικός Πόλεμος) was a war in Greek mythology. Different gods and goddess were characters in this legend. Many writers were inspired by this myth in Ancient Greece.

It all started since quarrel between three goddesses Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera. Golden apple, also known as apple of discord was the cause of this conflict.

Trojan War started after Paris abducted Helen of Troy from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta.

From 1260 B. C. to 1180 B. C. was this famous war. Achilles, son of Peleus, killed Hector. There was the Judgement of Paris. Many events of Trojan War were written in the Iliad, ancient Greek epic poem.

At the end of the conflict warriors created Trojan Horse. Odysseus had this idea. They wanted to enter to the Troy and win the war. It was a wooden horse. Also, this phrase became a metaphor and popular in culture.

There are many literary works, paintings, and statues. Students study Trojan War during history lessons. Producers make movies about this event.

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Peleus.

Peleus (Πηλεύς) was a son of Aeacus and Endeïs in Greek mythology. Also, he was known as father of Achilles (Achilles' heel).

Peleus had relationships with other gods and goddesses. Including Zeus and Heracles. His brother was Telamon. Peleus was a hero and king of Phthia and the Myrmidons. He fought with his enemies.

He married Antigene first time. But she died.

Peleus married Thetis. There were many guests. Gods and goddesses had a feast. But goddess Eris wasn't invited on this wedding. She became evil.

During this event Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite had a dispute. The Apple of Discord made everyone quarrel. Eris gave them the Apple of Discord. Afterwards, goddesses had a Judgement of Paris. Later the Trojan War began.

There are many myths and legends about this hero. Artists created paintings.

Achilles' heel.

When Achilles was a little baby his mother Thesis took him to the River Stix. She wanted to protect Achilles from an early death. Thesis held her baby son's heel. She didn't think about this part of the body.

Many years later young Achilles went to Trojan War. He sustained an injury and died. So, Achilles' heel means weak place of something or somebody.

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