Silk Road.

 The Silk Road was a trade way which connected China and the Far East with the Middle East and Europe in ancient time and Middle Ages. The Silk Road was used to export silk from China.

This road was opened during the Han Dynasty. It ruled from 206 B. C. to 220 A. D.

The way connected different countries of the Far East, Middle East, Middle Asia, and Europe. Also, there were small routes, such as: Mesopotamia and India subcontinent, Northern Africa through Egypt.

Silk, horses, paper, spices, jade, glassware, furs, and slaves; these good were traded on the famous road.

Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, in Ancient Greece, expanded his possessions through the Silk Road.

Also, the Royal Road routes led to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Italian explorer Marco Polo used the Silk Road to travel from Italy to China. He arrived there in 1275. Marco Polo travelled by camel overland.

He returned to Italy through the Silk Road in 1295. Marco Polo wrote a book Book of the Marvels of the World or The Travels of Marco Polo. It gave better understanding of Asian culture.

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Bronze Age.

 The Bronze Age was important for human history. People used bronze weapons and tools. Also, in this period they invented the wheel. It was about 3300 to 1200 B. C.

In the Middle East and Asia the cities appeared. Mesopotamia, Ancient Sumerians, Ancient China, Ancient Greece, and their cities were great during the Bronze Age.

Wars, trades, and government were power in this period.

Different ancient civilizations created many things in the Bronze Age. Then culture and art developed there.

The Bronze Age was ended about 1200 B. C.

Historians study this time in history. The writing was one of the invention in the Bronze Age. People used bronze and other metals.

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Sumer.

Sumer was one of the first civilizations in history. It was located in southern Mesopotamia. The period of this country was from Neolithic to Bronze Age (c. 4500-1900 B. C.).

The Sumerians had their own language, art, literature, religion, and architecture. Tigris and Euphrates rivers were very important for it.

Also, Sumer had it's own timeline: Early Dynastic Period (c. 2900-2350 B. C.), Kish (c. 3100 B. C.), Uruk (4000-3200 B. C.), Ur (c. 3800 B. C.), Awan Dynasty (c. 2500 B. C.).

Different cities, kings, people, and empires were important for history of Mesopotamia. Laws and education were similar to the modern ones. Statues, temples, palaces, culture, dishes, and writing still cause a lot of questions.

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Babylonia.

Babylonia was situated in southern Mesopotamia. The ancient civilization appeared in 1894 B. C.

There were many important periods in Babylonia. First Babylinian Dynasty (1894-1595 B. C.), Kassite Dynasty (1595-1155 B. C.), Early Iron Age-Native Rule, Second Dynasty of Isin (1155-1026 B. C.), Period of Chaos (1026-911 B. C.), Assyrian rule (911-619 B. C.).

People in Babylonia had their own kings and laws. King Hammurabi ruled (1792-1750 B. C.) and created many laws in this country (known as Code of Hammurabi). They were very different.

Also, Babylonia had its own gods, arts, culture, and architecture.

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Mesopotamia.

Mesopotamia was situated on the Tigris and Ephrates rivers. Babylon was the most famous city in this country.

Great civilization was here since ancient times. Two rivers were very important for people in Mesopotamia. Also, Tigris and Ephrates have related with Persian Gulf.

Ancient Mesopotamia was translated as "Land Between the Rivers".

Mesopotamia as other ancient civilization had important history periods such as: The first city-states gradually develop (C. 500-3500 B. C.), Writing begins to be developed (C. 3500), King Sargan of Akkad conquered the first empire in history (C. 2300), the city of Ur becomes the Centre of a powerful Mesopotamian state (C. 2100), King Hammurabi of Babylon conquers a large empire (1792-49), Babylonia is conquered by the Kassites (C. 1530), the Mitanni conquer northern Mesopotamia (C. 1500).

Country had own laws, language, culture, and kings.

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