Literature. Part hundred fourteen.

                                                      "The Stolen Princess" by Zachris Topelius.

Once upon a time there was a princess named Lindagull. She was kidnapped by a tiger.

Princess Lindagull met with evil wizard and lived in a foreign country.

At the end she was rescued and returned to her home country. Also, princess Lindagull married.

Aethiopia.

Aethiopia (Αἰθιοπία) (Αἰθίοψ) (Aithiopía) means ‘I burn’ (αἴθω) (aíthō) and ‘face’ (ὤψ) (ṓps). This country situated on the shore of the ocean.

According to myths and legends, allies of the Trojans (in the Trojan War) lived there (Αἰθίοπας).

Perseus visited this place when he fought with Medusa Gorgon and saved Andromeda.

Cepheus (Κηφεύς) (Kepheús) and Cassiopeia (Κασσιόπεια) (Kassiópeia) were King and Queen of Aethiopia. Also, they were Andromeda’s parents.

Literature. Part hundred six.

                                                  Mio, My Son by Astrid Lindgren.

Bo Vilhelm Olsson or Bosse lives with people who dislike him.

Bosse gets the golden apple and finds the Genie. Then he finds himself in a magical land and finds out that his name is Mio, his father is the king of the country, and he is a prince.

Jum-Jum is Mio's friend. Also, his father gives the horse Miramis.

The characters met with evil knight Kato in this country.

Romulus and Remus.

Romulus and Remus (Romulus et Remus) were twin brothers in Roman myths and legends. Their parents were the god Mars and Rhea Silvia.

Romulus and Remus were abandoned as babies and fed by a she-wolf. Then they were picked up and raised by shepherd named Faustulus.

The brothers had plans together.

Romulus killed Remus because he interfered with his work. Romulus built the country himself. "Rome" was named after Romulus.

So, they founded home.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-photo/capitoline-wolf-statue-shewolf-suckling-romulus-693578113

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/ancient-rome-empire-set-isolated-flat-1039013731

Source of image:

https://www.istockphoto.com/es/vector/romulus-remus-gm844004266-138044861

Stairs in the house.

Cyprus, 2013.

Literature. Part fifty nine.

                                               Cabbages and Kings by O. Henry.

This novel was written in 1904. The story's genre is satire. Cabbages and Kings has eighteen chapters. They are like short stories.

Events happened in a fictional country named the Republic of Anchuria. Author described many situations in this place.

Chapters of the novel:

I. "Fox-in-the-Morning"
II. The Lotus and the Bottle
III. Smith
IV. Caught
V. Cupid's Exile Number Two
VI. The Phonograph and the Graft
VII. Money Maze
VIII. The Admiral
IX. The Flag Paramount
X. The Shamrock and the Palm
XI. The Remnants of the Code
XII. Shoes
XIII. Ships
XIV. Masters of Arts
XV. Dicky
XVI. Rouge et Noir
XVII. Two Recalls
XVIII. The Vitagraphoscope

There are different adaptations of this novel, such as: movies and theatrical plays. This book was translated to other languages.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/cool-king-kohlrab-on-cartoon-character-1588145644

Luxembourg.

Luxembourg is a small country in Europe. It borders with Belgium, Germany, and France. Country has three official languages: German, French, and Luxembourgish.

Constitutional monarchy is the type of government in Luxembourg. Square of this country is 2,586

km² .

Also, Luxembourg its own geography and history. Culture and architecture of this small country show past of Luxembourg.

Capital of Luxembourg is Luxembourg City. The country its own flag and coat of arms.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/luxembourg-city-skyline-this-illustration-represents-1057639331

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-photo/national-flag-luxembourg-rectangular-shape-patriotic-1388354780

Liechtenstein.

Liechtenstein is a European country. It situated between Switzerland and Astria. Vaduz is a capital of Principality of Leichtenstein. Official language is German.

This country has its own government and history. Area of Liechtenstein is 160 km2. The Alps are situated in this European country. Also, there are forests and fields. Principality of Liechtenstein has a temperate climate.

European microstate had own symbols, such as: flag, anthem, and emblem. Liechtenstein has its own culture. Castles and music are part of it.

Source of image:

 https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/liechtenstein-map-on-world-flag-white-1165006261



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-photo/blossoming-alpine-spring-meadow-globeflowers-mountains-1105225790



Soure of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/symbol-liechtenstein-national-emblem-1091730761

History of Monaco.

Monaco is situated in Western Europe. Contry borders with France. Also, French is the official language in Monaco.

Constitutonal monarchy is a type of government in this country. American actress Grace Kelly was a princess there.

Now Principality of Monaco has popular places.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/monaco-skyline-this-illustration-represents-city-1086102839?src=1_Net65R06YRA2DmhqwisA-1-42



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/monaco-city-skyline-panorama-on-white-776918017?src=1_Net65R06YRA2DmhqwisA-1-64



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/symbol-monaco-national-emblem-1091730770?src=1_Net65R06YRA2DmhqwisA-1-102

History of Belgium.

Belgium is situated in Western Europe. This kingdom borders with several European countries.

The country has long and interesting history. It had wars and revolutions.

Kingdom of Belgium has several official languages.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-vector/vector-belgium-flag-illustration-picture-image-516946819?src=MJ6gfWhUmuuTpLzLfEQ9Uw-1-2



Source of image:

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Source og image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-vector/vector-mapbelgium-country-542385703?src=MJ6gfWhUmuuTpLzLfEQ9Uw-1-65

Great people: Queen Victoria.

Alexandrina Victoria was born on May 24, 1819, in London. Her parents were Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saafeld. Also, Victoria had siblings.

She became queen on June 20, 1837. Victoria was married to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. They had several children.

During Queen Victoria's reign different things happened in the country. It was important for history.

Victoria died on January 22, 1901, in Great Britain.

History of Netherlands.

Netherlands is situated in Northwestern Europe. This country is known for flowers, such as tulips, windmills, and cycling.

Netherlands has an interesting history. Little country took part in wars and revolutions. Conflicts were different. Holland fought with neighborhood countries, too. 

Also, in Netherlands there are many museums about history. People visit this country often.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/de/image-photo/landscape-tulips-traditional-dutch-windmills-houses-490194529?src=LpotvivycwHfe4Yln1S9rA-1-10



Source of image:

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Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/de/image-photo/flag-netherlands-raised-sky-406528960?src=q8P2XQ49s_FknrBGLfpkNQ-1-23

History of New Zealand.

New Zealand is situated on two islands named North Island and South Island. Also, the country is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in Polynesia.

The main climate in New Zealand is warm and tropical. Kiwi birds are live there.

This country has a long history. Europeans appeared on the islands in 1642. They found here new lands and territory.

On September 26, 1907, New Zealand became independent.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/de/image-photo/clear-sky-milford-sound-fjordland-national-631553840?src=lVcUrLG9mTgDs4NYvYDAOQ-1-87



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/de/image-vector/new-zealand-landmark-global-travel-journey-321013910?src=lVcUrLG9mTgDs4NYvYDAOQ-2-54

History of Australia.

Australia is situated on one continent. Before the discovery of this continent Indigenous Australians lived there. They had their own culture, mythology, languages, music, and art.

This continent is situated in the Southern Hemisphere. Climate in Australia is hot and dry. There are mountains named Australian Alps. Also, the continent is washed up by seas and oceans. Unusual animals live in this place.

When Europeans discovered Australia many things changed on the continent.

In 1901 a country named Australia appeared.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-photo/amazing-aerial-footage-view-sydney-city-741009022?src=0SE2VUrCExgouqMUpp3_8w-1-30



Source of image:

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Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-vector/australia-flag-518021278?src=0SE2VUrCExgouqMUpp3_8w-1-11

Aztecs.

Aztecs lived in central Mexico. They created an empire.

This country had its own military, laws, society, calendar, language (Nahault), city-states, government, writing, mythology, and etc. It was during Pre-Columbian era.

Aztec civilization timeline: the first tribes appeared (1100 C. E. -1200 C. E.), this civilizzation became development (c. 1345 C. E.-1521 C. E.), the Aztec capital of Tenochtirlan on Lake Texcoco was founded (1345 C. E.), the Tarascan civilization flourished in Mesoamerica (1350 C. E.-1522 C. E.), New Fire ceremony celebrated by the Aztecs (1351 C. E.), Acamapichtli ruled as leader of the Aztecs (1375 C. E.-1395 C. E.), Huitzilopochtli reigned as leader of the Aztec empire (1396 C. E.-1417 C. E.), Chimalpopoca ruled as leader of the Aztec empire (1417 C. E.-1426 C. E.).

This ancient country is still study by historians.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-vector/aztec-warriors-collection-1038565387?src=hT_8OzNHQci0SWg7lVwmzA-1-65



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Inca Empire.

This civilization was situated in South America. Also, Inca Empire was the biggest country in pre-Columbian America. About XI-XVI centuries people had their own laws and rules.

The Inca called their country as Tawantinsuyu in Quechua language. Timeline of Inca Empire: The Inca tribe founded the city of Cuzco (1200 A. D.), people lived in the city of Cuzco (1200-1400 A. D.), Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui became the leader of Inca, he built the city of Machu Picchu (1438 A. D.), Pachacuti's son, named Tupac Inca Yupanui, became an emperor (1471 A. D.), Emperor Tupac won the Chuma Empire and their lands (1476 A. D.), Tupac's son, Huayna Capac, became an emperor (1493 A. D.).

Empire had its own army, religion, architecture, mythology, languages, economy, and government.

Some of it is still studied by historians.

Source of image:

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Maya civilization.

Maya civilization was situated in Central America. This country had its own history and cities. Writing, language, arts, religion, and architecture were important for them.

Timeline of Maya civilization: Archaic (8000 B. C.-2000 B. C.), Early Preclassic (2000 B. C.-1000 B. C.), Middle Preclassic (1000 B. C.-400 B. C.), Late Preclassic (400 B. C.-100 A. D.), Terminal Preclassic (100 A. D.-250 A. D.), Preclassic Collapse, Classic Period (c. 250-900 A. D.), Classic Maya Collapse, Postclassic period (c. 950-1539 A. D.).

During this time country did a lot of things. The Maya people invented calendar. Also, they built pyramids.

Civilization had sales with each other and neighbourhood countries. Like all ancient civilizations Maya had unique culture, such as: laws, society, pottery, mythology, astronomy, goverment.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-illustration/mayan-calendar-copy-raster-95106364?src=8IZHTIJKC2gHAcjw_iNJ-w-1-68


Source of image:

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Source of image:

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Literature. Part thirty six.

                                   Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift.

This book was written in XVIII century and has four parts. Author described different problems for that time with humor and satire.

Lemuel Gulliver appeared in Lilliput country. People were very little for Gulliver. He looked like a giant. But liliputians had their own laws. Also, little citizens had a conflict with another country named Blefuscu.

War between this countries has begun because Liliput wanted to break egg by the small end while Blefuscu wanted to do it by the big. Gulliver understood that it was a stupid reason for the conflict. Many adventures happened with character in this place.

Brobdingnag was populated by a big people. Lemuel Gulliver was looked little to them. They used Gulliver as a toy. He lived with a queen of Brobdingnag. Also, he fought with big insects and animals. Gulliver understood many different things.

There are many movies and printings about this story. Novel was translated on many languages.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-illustration/gullivers-travels-43275043?src=w7QMfwNGZj1kgD1PALZuZA-1-1

Sumer.

Sumer was one of the first civilizations in history. It was located in southern Mesopotamia. The period of this country was from Neolithic to Bronze Age (c. 4500-1900 B. C.).

The Sumerians had their own language, art, literature, religion, and architecture. Tigris and Euphrates rivers were very important for it.

Also, Sumer had it's own timeline: Early Dynastic Period (c. 2900-2350 B. C.), Kish (c. 3100 B. C.), Uruk (4000-3200 B. C.), Ur (c. 3800 B. C.), Awan Dynasty (c. 2500 B. C.).

Different cities, kings, people, and empires were important for history of Mesopotamia. Laws and education were similar to the modern ones. Statues, temples, palaces, culture, dishes, and writing still cause a lot of questions.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-vector/drawings-sumerian-tablets-220206874?src=kBwzF5jCwRF8RYNX7DO6sQ-1-41



Source of image:

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Babylonia.

Babylonia was situated in southern Mesopotamia. The ancient civilization appeared in 1894 B. C.

There were many important periods in Babylonia. First Babylinian Dynasty (1894-1595 B. C.), Kassite Dynasty (1595-1155 B. C.), Early Iron Age-Native Rule, Second Dynasty of Isin (1155-1026 B. C.), Period of Chaos (1026-911 B. C.), Assyrian rule (911-619 B. C.).

People in Babylonia had their own kings and laws. King Hammurabi ruled (1792-1750 B. C.) and created many laws in this country (known as Code of Hammurabi). They were very different.

Also, Babylonia had its own gods, arts, culture, and architecture.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-photo/babylonian-archaeological-find-old-illustration-created-94687840?src=Qxfc8a9p-vkmrxdHMv6QJA-4-4




Source of image:

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Source of image:

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