Cubism.

Cubism is an art movement. It appeared at the beginning of the XX century.

Cubism is found in painting, literature, architecture, and sculpture.

Pablo Picasso painted some of his paints in this style.

Modernism, surrealism, avant-garde have something in common with Cubism.

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Naiad.

The naiads (Νηϊάδες) (Ναΐδες) (Ναϊάδες) (naïádes), also known as hydriads were nymphs of springs in Greek mythology. 

Zeus was their father.

Nereids (Νηρηΐδες) (Nērēḯdes) (Νηρηΐς) (Nērēḯs) and Oceanids (Ὠκεανίδες) (Ōkeanídes) (Ὠκεανίς) (Ōkeanís) were relatives of naiads.

They met with other gods and goddesses.

There are different paintings and sculptures about these creatures.

Great people: Donatello.

Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi was an Italian sculptor. He was born in 1386, in Republic of Florence.

Donatello worked with different materials for his sculptors.

Renaissance was Donatello's movement.

He died on December 13, 1466, in Republic of Florence.

Acis and Galatea.

Acis (Ἄκις) was killed by Cyclops (Κύκλωπες) (Kýklōpes) Polyphemus (Πολύφημος).

His lover Galatea (Γαλάτεια) (‘she who is milk-white’) created river from her blood’s lover.

Galatea was the Nereid (Νηρηΐδες) (sea-nymph). Her parents were Nereus (Νηρεύς) and Doris (Δωρίδος).

There are many poems about Acis and Galatea’s love story. Also, artists and sculptors created paintings and sculptures of these characters.

Great people: Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini was an Italian architecture. Also, he created sculptures. Gian Lorenzo Bernini was born on November 7, 1598, in Naples.

His movement was Baroque style.

Apollo and Daphne (1622-1625), Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1647-1652), David (1623-1624) are Bernini’s works.

He died on November 29, 1680, in Rome.

Mnemosyne.

Mnemosyne (Μνημοσύνη) was the goddess of memory in Ancient Greece. She was a Titaness.

Uranus (Οὐρανός) and Gaia (Γαῖα) were Mnemosyne's parents. Also, she had several siblings. Among them were Titans, Cyclopes, and other creatures, gods, and goddesses.

Mnemosyne was Zeus's wife. They had nine children, Muses: Calliope (epic poetry), Clio (history), Euterpe (lyric poetry), Erato (love poetry), Melpomene (tragedy), Polyhymnia (hymns), Terpsichore (dance), Thalia (comedy), Urania (astronomy).

There are myths and legends about this goddess.

Artists and sculptors created paintings and sculptures about Mnemosyne, goddess of memory.

Classic.

Classic is a worth style. There are different thigs which appeared many, many years ago. Or even hundreds or thousands years ago! But at the same time it's still clear and relevant.

Fashion changes with time, only the classic remains.

There are many examples of classics in art. Some paintings and books are studied at different times.

Also, the classic influence the culture.

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Psyche.

Psyche (Ψυχή) was a goddess of soul in Ancient Greece. She had butterfly wings.

Also, Psyche fell in love with Eros (known as Cupid and/or Amor). There are many myths and legends about these characters.

Eros was a son of Aphrodite. His mother didn't like Psyche. They were competitors.

Psyche met with other gods and goddesses, such as: Hermes, Aphrodite, Persephone, Zeus, Zephyrus, and etc.

Artists painted different paintings about Psyche and Eros. Sculptors created many sculptures of the couple.

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Great people: Cleopatra.

Cleopatra VII Philopator (Κλεοπᾰ́τρᾱ Φιλοπάτωρ) was born in 69 B. C., in Alexandria. Her father was Ptolemy XII Auletes and her mother was Cleopatra VI Tryphaena.

Cleapatra was known as a queen of Ptolemaic kingdom, Ancient Egypt. She had relationships with other famous ancient rulers.

Queen Cleopatra had several children. During her reign there were battles and conflicts.

Cleopatra died in 30 B. C., in Alexandria, Egypt.

There are many paintings and sculptures about Cleopatra. Writers used Cleopatra's character in literary works. Her style became popular in movies.

Hygieia.

Hygieia (Ὑγεία) was a goddess of health and cleanness in Ancient Greece. Her parents were Asclepius and Epione. Hygieia had several sisters: Panacea, Iaso, Aceso, and Aglaea.

She had her own symbol called bowl of Hygieia which is a cup with intertwined snake. Now this is the symbol of pharmacy.

Hygieia's father Asclepius was important for her. They had similar cults.

There are many paintings and sculptures about goddess Hygieia. The word "hygiene" appeared from the goddess's name.

Morpheus.

Morpheus (Μορφεύς) was a god of sleep and dreams in Ancient Greece. His father was a Hypnos, his mother was a Nyx.

Morpheus could appear when people slept. He was a young man. His symbols were: poppy flowers and black color. Also, Morpheus had two brothers, named: Phobetor and Phantasos.

Morpheus had relations with the goddess Iris.

There are many paintings and sculptures about this Greek god.

The famous phrase "in the arms of Morpheus" means "to be asleep".

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Eirene.

Eirene was a Greek goddess of peace. Also, she was the Horae and goddess of time and seasons. Her parents were Zeus and Themis. Eirene had two siblings named Dike and Eunomia.

There are many paintings and sculptures of this goddess.

Female name Irina is appeared from Eirene and means "peace", too.

Naive art.

This type art is a part of primitivism. Naive art includes a lot of crafts, such as: architecture, sculptures, painting.

Primitivism appeared in XVIII century. There are graphics, applied arts, amateur performances in it.

Also, many works in naive art were created by self-taught artists.

In France this type of art appeared at the beginning of XX century. The Repast of the Lion (1907) by Henri Rousseau, is a painting of naive art.

This art exists in many countries.

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Griffin.

Griffin was a mythical creature in Greek mythology. He had the body, back legs, and tail of a lion. Also, the monster had eagle's head, talons, and wings.

Griffin was popular in other cultures, too. These creatures could be very different in the legends and literature.

There are many paintings and sculptures of Griffins.

Ares.

Ares was a god of war in Ancient Greece. His parents were Zeus and Hera.

The God married Aphrodite, goddess of beauty. They had several children.

Also, Ares had several unique symbols, such as: sword, helmet, dog, and shield.

There are many myths and legends about this god. Artists and sculptors created paintings and sculptures of Ares.

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Zeus.

Zeus was the main god in Greek mythology. He had a lot of relations with other god and goddesses. Heracles and Perseus were Zeus's sons, but their mothers were people.

He was the god of sky. Zeus was born on Crete island, Mount Ida. His parents were Cronus and Rhea. Zeus had his personal symbols: Thunderbolt, bull, oak, and eagle.

There are many paintings and sculptures about Zeus. He did important things. Zeus's place was on Mount Olympus. The God ruled there.

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Athena.

Athena was a goddess of wisdom, war, and handcraft. Her parents were Zeus and Metis. Greek mythology tells myths and legends about her.

She helped Heracles and Perseus during their labours. Also, Athena had a conflict with a god of death and underworld Hades.

Goddess had several attributes such as: olive tree, owl, spears, helmets, and snakes. Legends tell that Athena invented different things. For example, war, flutes, ships, and handcrafts.

There are many pictures and sculptures with Athena. She was very important for Ancient Greek history.

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Poseidon.

Poseidon was a god of waters and Sea in Ancient Greece. His parents were Cronus and Rhea. Poseidon was Zeus and Hades brother. Also, god was responsible for earthquakes and horses.

God of waters had his own symbols: trident, dolphin, bull, and horse. Poseidon married Amphitrite and had children.

There are many myths and legends about this greek god of Sea and waters. Artists and sculptors created beautiful works of Poseidon.

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Japan.

Timeline of Japanese history: Jomon Period (1400-300 B. C.), The Yayoi Period (400 B. C.-250 A. D.), Kofun Period (250-538), Asuka Period (538-710), Nara Period (710-794).

Each of these periods are important for Japanese history. For example, Buddism appeared during Asuka Period (538-710).

Japanese culture include art, mythology, literature, and philosophy. Also, civilization had own emperors and laws.

Ancient Japanese history has similarities with Ancient China.

Medieval and Early Modern Japan have many difference with ancient history.

Statues and sculptures could talk about ancient Gods.

Many buildings such as: temples, houses, and castles have traditional eastern design.

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Ancient India.

India had an old history and culture. Warm climate allowed development for early civilization. Many important things were invented in Ancient India: numbers, chess, buttons, ruler, some medicine, shampoo.

Also, country had periods such as: Indus Valley civilization appeared (c. 2800 B. C.), Indus Valley civilization vanished (c. 1700 B. C.), Tribes entered into India from central Asia (c. 1500 B. C.), iron and alphabetic writing appeared in northern India (c. 800 B. C.), Buddhism and Jainism are founded (c. 500 B. C.), Alexander, the Great conquered the Indus Valley (327 B. C.), Bindusara, extended the Mauryan conquered into the central India (290 B. C.), Asoke became the Mauryan emperor (269 B. C.), a mission by Mahinda, introduced Baddhism to the island of Sri Lanka (251 B. C.).

Science was popular in Ancient India. Mathematics and astronomy were known in the country. Philosophy still studied by modern people.

Pictures and sculptures of Gods were famous in ancient civilization.

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