Constantinople.

 Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις) (Constantinopolis) was the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Roman Empire in different periods.

In ancient times this place was a port city. Because Byzas from the Greek city of Megara created a settlement on the strait of Bosporus. On the strait the Mediterranean Seas and the Black Sea connected. He was the legendary founder of this city.

Later there were many rulers who controlled Constantinople. The Spartans, Athenians, Macedonians, and Persians fought for power.

Emperor Constantine I made a capital at Byzantium called "New Rome".

The Hagia Sophia is a famous architectural design work. This church was built by Justinian I. About six years 10, 000 workers created this building.

Constantinople saw different rulers and events. People with many religions visited this city.

In XIII century, Constantinople fell. It was in April 1204.

But this city kepts its history and buildings.

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Hyacinth.

 Hyacinth (Ὑάκινθος) (Huákinthos) was a hero in Greek mythology. He was popular in Sparta.

Oebalus (Οἴβαλος), king of Sparta, was Hyacinth's father. Or his father was Pierus (Πίερος). His mother was Clio (Κλειώ) or Diomedes (Διομήδη).

Hyacinth was a very beautiful prince. He was admired by Zephyrus, west wind. Also, Hyacinth had relationships with Apollo (Ἀπόλλων).

Spartan prince was killed by Apollo. He accidentally hit Hyacinth with a discus.

There is a plant named Hyacinth.

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Helen of Troy.

 Helen of Troy (Ἑλένη) or Helen of Sparta and beautiful Helen. She was the most beautiful woman in the world. Her parents were Zeus (Ζεύς) and Leda (Λήδα). 

When beautiful Helen was a child, she was kidnapped by Theseus (Θησεύς) and Pirithous (Πειρίθοος). Helen of Sparta was in the temple of Artemis during that time. But they took Helen of Troy to Athens.

She lived in Sparta. Her husband was Menelaus (Μενέλαος,). They had a daughter Hermione (Ἑρμιόνη).

Hera (Ἥρα), Athena (Ἀθῆναι), and Aphrodite (Ἀφροδίτη,) had a dispute. Helen of Sparta was abducted by Paris. The apple of discord was the reason for this. 

During Judgment of Paris gave this golden apple of discord to Aphrodite. She promised to reward Paris with the woman he loves. He abducted beautiful Helen. 

Later the Trojan War started.

There are many paintings and statues about Helen of Troy.

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Sparta.

 Sparta (Σπάρτη) was a city-state in ancient Greece. Also, Sparta had another name Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων) The city-state was situated in Laconia, in south Peloponnese, on the banks of the Eurotas river. 

There were their own laws, culture, architecture, military, government, society, citizens, and rules. Citizens of Sparta had rights and responsibilities.

Some aspects were different from other regions of ancient Greece. There were three groups in Sparta: the Spartans, the Helots, and the Perioeci. 

Spartan boys had military education. They started since seven years. Later adult men studied in a state system. Courage, military, discipline were important for soldiers. Spartans had their own uniform. Helmet, round shield, and sword were parts of it.

But Spartan empire was fall. Army lost the war.

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Trojan War.

Trojan War (Τρωικός Πόλεμος) was a war in Greek mythology. Different gods and goddess were characters in this legend. Many writers were inspired by this myth in Ancient Greece.

It all started since quarrel between three goddesses Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera. Golden apple, also known as apple of discord was the cause of this conflict.

Trojan War started after Paris abducted Helen of Troy from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta.

From 1260 B. C. to 1180 B. C. was this famous war. Achilles, son of Peleus, killed Hector. There was the Judgement of Paris. Many events of Trojan War were written in the Iliad, ancient Greek epic poem.

At the end of the conflict warriors created Trojan Horse. Odysseus had this idea. They wanted to enter to the Troy and win the war. It was a wooden horse. Also, this phrase became a metaphor and popular in culture.

There are many literary works, paintings, and statues. Students study Trojan War during history lessons. Producers make movies about this event.

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