Literature. Part hundred ten.

                                            David Copperfield by Charles Dickens.

This novel was written in XIX century.

David Copperfield is the main character of this book. He told about his life.

David met with different characters.

There are many adaptations about this story.

Literature. Part hundred four.

                                                             Shirley, A Tale by Charlotte Brontё.

This social novel was written in the XIX century.

The characters are different. In this story there are generation conflicts, too.

People have love.

Great people: Anne Brontё.

Anne Brontё was an English writer. She was the youngest Brontё.

Anne Brontё was born on January 17, 1820, in England. Writers Charlotte and Emily Brontё were her sisters.

Realism was Brontё’s literary movement.

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) was her famous novel.

Anne Brontё died on May 28, 1849, in England.

Great people: Victor Hugo.

Victor-Marie Hugo was a French writer. He was born on February 26, 1802, in France.

Hugo's genre was novel. Victor Hugo's movement was Romanticism.

His famous works: Les Misérables (1862), The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831), Ruy Blas (1839).

Victor Hugo married and had five children.

He died on May 22, 1885, in France.

Literature. Part ninety eight.

                                                           Les Misérables by Victor Hugo.

This novel was written in XIX century.

Jean Valjean, Javert, Fauntine, and Cosette are main characters of the book. The se people do a lot of different things.

Jean Valjean raised Cosette after Fantine died. Javert committed suicide.

The characters change over the years.

Literature. Part ninety one.

                                                  The Road by Jack London.

This book was published in 1907.

The autobiography described life in the United States in the nineties of the XIX century.

The characters are in different situations. They ride freight trains.

Also, characters visited many parts of the country. They encountered difficult moments, but the characters solved them. They had adventures, too.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/continuous-one-line-drawing-open-book-1489544150

Great people: Alexandre Dumas (son).

 Alexandre Dumas fils was born on July 27, 1824, in Paris, France. His parents were Alexandre Dumas père and Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay.

Dumas wrote romantic and historical novels. He created his works during the Romanticism period.

Alexandre Dumas wrote: The Lady with the Camellias (1852). Also, he had an award Legion of Honour (1894).

He was married and had children.

Dumas died on November 27, 1895, Marly-le-Roi, Yvelines, France.

Literature. Part seventy eight.

                              “The Princess and the Pea” by Hans Christian Andersen.

Once upon a time there was a prince. He wanted to marry a real princess. But the prince didn’t know who is real and who isn’t.

On this day was a storm. The king heard a knock and opened the door. 

There was a princess, she was all wet.

The queen decided to check if it was a real princess. She took off many bedclothes and on the bed put the pea.

The princess slept on this bed all night.

In the morning she said that she had slept very badly.

So, everyone understood that this was a real princess and the prince married her.

This fairy tale was written in XIX century. The famous story translated to many languages. There are different illustrations and performance about this story.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-illustration/childrens-fairy-tales-princess-pea-1417466234

Literature. Part seventy three.

                                             Ivanhoe: A Romance by Walter Scott.

This historical novel was written in XIX century. The author described lives of people in the Middle Ages in detail. It helps to understand history of England and other European countries.

The book tells the real historical events of that time. Knights and kings have many different adventures. Also, there are jester, lady, prince, and etc.

Characters have relationships with each other. They visited neighboring countries. Religion is described in novel, too.

This book was released in 1819. Ivanhoe: A Romance sparked interest with Medieval time. It influenced to romanticism and Gothic Revival architecture.

There are many illustrations to this novel. The book was translated to other languages.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-photo/edinburgh-scotland-26th-may-2017-monument-752480680

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/old-king-holding-hand-young-female-1935039683

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-photo/sir-walter-scott-picture-meyers-lexicon-88123759

Anthropology.

 Anthropology is a field of study. The Greek word ánthrōpos  (ἄνθρωπος) means "human". Another Greek word lógos (λόγος) means "study". 

This science studies human behavior, human biology (βιολογία), and societies. There is a cultural anthropology.

This branch of study appeared in ancient Greece. Scientist and philosopher Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης) used this word. Anthropology studied human nature and soul.

The science of human has evolved over the centuries. In XVIII and XIX centuries, anthropology was formed. History, culture, language, and psychology are parts of anthropology.

Many scientists and philosophers did a lot of for this science. Among them were Leonardo da Vinci and Carl Linnaeus.

Also, anthropology studies primitive society and human body.

Archaeologists find various excavations.

Students study this science in colleges and universities.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/anthropology-vector-illustration-ancient-mini-persons-1243723036

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/theory-evolution-man-silhouette-human-development-752300290

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/da-vincis-vitruvian-man-leonardo-vinci-1014370468

Literature. Part sixty five.

                               Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy's Progress by Charles Dickens.

This novel was written and published in the XIX century.

The main character is the boy named Oliver Twist. He is an orphan. Oliver lived in poverty. Also, he had problems with other children.

Later Oliver Twist ran into the street. He left orphanage. In London Oliver met criminals. They wanted to teach him about crimes.

But Oliver Twist found friends and salvation. Good and evil people were in his way. Twist handled all the difficulties.

The story tells about children and their problems in that period. Hard life and attitude of society described in this famous novel.

Artists created many illustrations to this book. The novel was translated to different languages.

There are movies and cartoons about this story.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-photo/united-kingdom-circa-1970-vintage-british-213901681

Great people: Hans Christian Andersen.

Hans Christian Andersen was born on April 2, 1805, in Kingdom Denmark-Norway. Future writer was the only child.

Andersen created many famous fairy tales, such as: "Thumbelina" (1835), "The Ugly Duckling" (1843), "The Emperor's New Clothes" (1837), "The Snow Queen" (1844), "The Little Mermaid" (1837), and etc. These works were translated to many languages. Artists drew illustrations with the characters.

Also, there are many movies and cartoons about Andersen's fairy tales.

Hans Christian Andersen died on August 4, 1875, in Kingdom of Denmark.

Literature. Part fifty four.

                                                  Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.

This novel was written at the end of XVIII century, but the book was published on January 28, 1813.

There are many characters in this story. Elizabeth Bennet, Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy, Mr. Bennet, Jane Bennet are main characters in the novel.

Relationships between sisters, love, and disdain are described in Pride and Prejudice. Also, characters have different problems and emotions. Their parents are important, too.

At the end main characters are married and happy.

There are many illustrations and movies about this story. Famous book was translated many languages.

Basketball.

Basketball is a popular sports game. It appeared in XIX century. A basket and a ball are used for this sport.

The sport has its own rules and players. Also, this game is played during Summer Olympic Games. Teams have competitions between each other.

Basketball playgraunds have two baskets.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/de/image-vector/sports-background-basketball-icons-flat-style-206051644?src=7wVICfyo9BxniVFyby_KsA-1-19

Great people: Vincent van Gogh.

Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Zudert, Netherlands. He was a son of Theodorus van Gogh and Anna Cornelia Cerbentus.

Future artist studied at Academie Royale des Beaux-Arts, in Brussels, Belgium.

Anton Mauve was very influenced Vincent van Gogh.

The artist had his own style named Post-Impressionism. Also, he used genres such as: portraits, landscapes, and still lifes. Van Gogh made his paintings with oil. Vincent van Gogh's famous works were, Sunflowers (1887), The Starry Night (1889), Portrait of Dr. Grochet (1890).

Vincent van Gogh did important things for arts of XIX century. He died on July 29, 1890, in Auvers-sur-Oise, France.

Literature. Part forty one.

                                          Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne.

This is a famous sciece fiction novel. It became classic in literature. French writer Jules Verne wrote his book in XIX century.

People noticed unusual creature in the ocean. Different mass media and scientists were interested in this monster.

Professor Pierre Aronnax, Conseil, and Ned Land decided to find this creature in the ocean. So, they appeared on the submarine named Nautilus.

Also, voyagers met there Captain Nemo or Prince Dakkar. He was captain of this submarine. Characters visited many different oceans and had a lot of adventures.

Novel was translated on many languages. There are many movies and cartoons about this story.

Victorian era.

Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom from June 20, 137, to January 22, 1901. This period was very important for history.

More than half of XIX century had different events. The Industrial Revolution was one of them. Many factories and machines appeared.

Discovery was part of history. So, many geographical objects have Victoria name. For example, Victoria is a capital of Seychelles.

Literature and science were also developed during Victorian era. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. These are the books that became popular in the world.

Railway and trains appeared in XIX century. Fashion and architecture were both varied.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-illustration/victorian-man-standing-on-city-street-131246756?src=y4q9lacnxaEH5Hy1ZEZFlw-2-10



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-photo/two-little-girls-their-dog-open-2313581?src=y4q9lacnxaEH5Hy1ZEZFlw-2-17



Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/nb/image-vector/collection-vintage-victorian-era-stickers-flat-699485992?src=y4q9lacnxaEH5Hy1ZEZFlw-3-46

Literature. Part thirty.

                                  The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett.

Mary Lennox was a ten-year-old girl. She was alone and selfish. Mary's parents died, but she didn't worry about it.

Girl met with maid martha and her brother Dickon. Also, Mary met her cousin named Colin. He had serious health problems.

Children found a garden. So, together they care for it. Mary and her friends became better, as did the garden.

The novel describes a life in England at the end of XIX and beginning XX centuries.

There are many movies, cartoons, and plays based on this story.

Source of image:

https://www.shutterstock.com/ru/image-vector/small-girl-holding-field-flower-wreath-372095329?src=PgdCQKHK7wjC2Krxbo2BXg-1-8

Great People: Alfred Nobel.

He was born on October 21, 1833, Sweden-Norway. Alfred Bernhard Nobel was the third son of Imanuel Nobel and Caroline Nobel.

In 1842 family moved to Saint Petersburg. When Alfred Nobel was sixteen years old he left city in Russian Empire and went to other countries. Alfred visited several European countries and the United States of America. Two years later young scientist returned to Saint Petersburg.

Alfred Nobel made many important in ventions for the people. A prize is named after him. Alfred Nobel was a fomous person in XIX century. A lot of his inventions are still relevant for us.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel could speak several languages and it helped him make great inventions.

The scientist died on December10, 1896, in Sanremo, Italy.

Literature. Part twelve.

             The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins.

This is long detective novel. There are many characters in this book. XIX century. Walter Hartright is a painter. Anne Catherick likes to wear white clothes. Woman whom daughter of Frederick Fairlie. Laura Fairlie is a niece of Mr. Fairlie. She is a fiencee and wife of Sir Percival Glyde.

Laura and Anne look alike. Anne has a mother Jane. Laura has an elder sister Marian Halcombe. Characters are changed.

Ills, death, and marriage, all of it you find in this novel. All these events occur in a few years. There are many films on this book.